Three genetically differentiated areas (P < 0.01) were identified, matching with Major Farming Systems (namely Tree Crop, Cereal-Root Crop, and Root Crop) described by the FAO. Restricting the study to Benin, Ghana, and Côte d’Ivoire, did not result in a typical breed structure but a south-west to north-east gradient was observed. The clustering approach revealed an interesting similarity between local populations found in regions sharing high levels of precipitation, from Cameroon to Côte d’Ivoire. No such gene flow was observed in Benin, Ghana, and Côte d’Ivoire, where improvement programs are also less developed. The impact of such introgressions seemed rather limited, probably because of poor adaptation of exotic birds to village conditions, and because of the consumers’ preference for local chickens. Evidence of gene flow between commercial and local populations was observed in Morocco and in Cameroon, which could be related to long-term improvement programs with the distribution of crossbred chicks. Allelic richness varied from 2.04 for a commercial line to 4.84 for one population from Côte d’Ivoire. High heterozygosity levels, ranging from 0.51 to 0.67, were reported for all local populations, corresponding to the values usually found in scavenging populations worldwide. A genetic diversity analysis was conducted both within and between populations. Five commercial lines, broilers and layers, were also genotyped to investigate potential gene flow. Molecular characterization was performed with a set of 22 microsatellite markers. Geographical coordinates were recorded to analyze the relationships between geographic distribution and genetic diversity. Four hundred seventy-two chickens were sampled in 23 administrative provinces across Cameroon, Benin, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, and Morocco. The present study provides a comparative analysis of the genetic diversity of village chickens across a subset of African countries. Indeed, rusticity along with productivity must be sought if chicken breeding is expected to contribute effectively to the development of rural economic activities in Algeria, where a great variety of agro-climatic conditions is encountered.Ĭhickens represent an important animal genetic resource for improving farmers’ income in Africa. Given the high phenotypic variability observed here, it would be realistic to consider selection programs as a tool to increase the productivity of chicken breeding in this region, using rustic breeds that are wellsuited to a less-intensive breeding management as encountered in Basse Kabylie. This study establishes a first description of morpho-biometric characteristics of the Kabyle hen and evaluates its growth performances. In this context, the present study aims at setting the basis for a rehabilitation of the Kabyle local hen, the socio-economic and cultural importance of which is crucial. Take up future economic and ecologic challenges. In a more general way, biodiversity loss represents a threat to our ability to Now, local breeds are an important tool for rural development and poverty alleviation in SouthĬountries, as Algeria. Your fundraising efforts this April will push SMART Recovery ever closer to the ultimate goal of everyone, everywhere living Life Beyond Addiction.Due to the rapid expansion of industrial poultry breeding across the world, many local poultry Take On Addiction will help SMART Recovery break the stigma associated with addiction so that more individuals can step forward to get the help they need to transform their lives.
SMART Recovery empowers people everywhere to take back control of their lives and gain total freedom from their addictions via free tools and mutual support meetings supported by a caring global community. Funds raised for Take On Addiction will assist SMART Recovery organizations to continue facilitating change for people who want to find life beyond addiction.
During the month, participants are encouraged to fundraise and share their stories and perspectives, to help reduce the stigma associated with addictive behaviors. Participants can run, walk, cycle, or choose their own time-based activity to complete. Take On Addiction is a 30-day challenge, taking place in the month of April. Join the Tips & Tools fundraising team as we work together towards our $1,000 target!
Get fit, have fun, and support a great cause this April! Pulling the Me’s Into the Conversation.
Facilitator Spotlight – Bernie Quartaroli.In our free group discussion meetings, participants learn from one another using a self-empowering approach based on the most current science of recovery. SMART Recovery is a global community of people and families working together to resolve addictive problems.